Mcl Causes & Mechanisms

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is typically injured by valgus stress (force pushing the knee inward) or direct trauma to the outer knee. Common causes include sports collisions (e.g., football tackles), sudden twists, pivoting motions, or falls. Non-contact mechanisms involve awkward landings or hyperextension. Repetitive stress (e.g., skiing) can strain the MCL. Severity depends on impact force and knee position during injury. Associated factors include weak stabilizing muscles, prior ligament laxity, or poor biomechanics. High-energy trauma (e.g., car accidents) may cause combined MCL/meniscus/ACL tears. Risk rises in contact sports or activities requiring abrupt direction changes.